september 5 - Research Work_unfinished

1. Peloponnesian war:
  - name of the conflict between Athens and Sparta that broke out in 431 and continued, with an interruption, until 404. Athens was forced to dismantle its empire. The war however, was not decisive, because within a decade, the defeated city had regained its strength.
  -When Athens concluded an alliance with Corcyra (modern Corfu) in 433, and started to besiege Potidaea, it threatened the position of Corinth. Sparta also feared that Athens was becoming too powerful but tried to prevent war.
  -The Peloponnesian War reshaped the Ancient Greek world. On the level of international relations, Athens, the strongest city-state in Greece prior to the war's beginning, was reduced to a state of near-complete subjection, while Sparta became established as the leading power of Greece. The economic costs of the war were felt all across Greece; poverty became widespread in the Peloponnese, while Athens found itself completely devastated, and never regained its pre-war prosperity.

2. Persian War
  -The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and city-states of the Hellenic world that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when Cyrus the Great conquered Ionia in 547 BC. Struggling to rule the independent-minded cities of Ionia, the Persians appointed tyrants to rule each of them. This would prove to be the source of much trouble for the Greeks and Persians alike.
  -However, while seeking to destroy the combined Greek fleet, the Persians suffered a severe defeat at the Battle of Salamis. The following year, the confederated Greeks went on the offensive, defeating the Persian army at the Battle of Plataea, and ending the invasion of Greece.The allied Greeks followed up their success by destroying the rest of the Persian fleet at the Battle of Mycale, before expelling Persian garrisons from Sestos and Byzantium.
- The Athenians praised the gods, mainly Zeus and Athena, for the winnings in the war. Winning gave Athens confidence even though the war caused Athens to be left in ruins. The Athenians went on to produce their amazing civilization. One of the most important results of the wars was that Athens was established as the dominant Greek naval power. This gave Athens the opportunity to create a widespread empire. Athenians rebuilt the Acropolis and used all the Persians weapons to make a bronze statue in honor of Athena. They also became very successful in literature and art. Because of all the success Athens was having after the wars, Sparta became jealous. Sparta's envoy led to the Peloponnesian War.

3. Gods and Godesses of Greece and Rome Compared

List of Names of Greek and Roman Gods (Major)
The following table contains a list of names for the equivalent major classical Gods of the Greeks and the Romans:
 

List of Greek and Roman Gods & Goddesses (Major) Table of Names
Names of Greek Gods	Names of Roman Gods	Description of what the Gods presided over
Phoebus Apollo	Apollo	God of the Sun, poetry, music and oracles
Dionysus	Bacchus	God of Wine
Demeter	Ceres	Goddess of Agriculture
Eros	Cupid	God of Love
Artemis	Diana	Goddess of Hunting
Maia	Fauna	Goddess of Animals
Chloris	Flora	Goddess of Flowers and Spring
Tyche	Fortuna	Goddess of Fortune
No Greek Equivalent	Janus	God of Doors and beginnings and endings
Hera	Juno	Goddess of Marriage
Zeus	Jupiter aka Jove	The King of the Gods and the God of the sky
Ares	Mars	God of War
Hermes	Mercury	Messenger of the Gods and Finance
Pallas Athena	Minerva	Goddess of Wisdom
Poseidon	Neptune	God of the Sea
Hades	Pluto	God of the Underworld and Death
Kronos	Saturn	God of Time, Harvest and Agriculture
Aphrodite	Venus	Goddess of Love and Beauty
Hestia	Vesta	Goddess of the Hearth, the Home and the Roman state
Hephaestus	Vulcan	God of Fire, the Forge and Blacksmiths
	Names of Roman Gods	Description of what the Roman Gods presided over

4. Olympics
   a) brief history
According to legend, the ancient Olympic Games were founded by Heracles (the Roman Hercules), a son of Zeus. Yet the first Olympic Games for which we still have written records were held in 776 BCE (though it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years already). At this Olympic Games, a naked runner, Coroebus (a cook from Elis), won the sole event at the Olympics, the stade - a run of approximately 192 meters (210 yards). This made Coroebus the very first Olympic champion in history.
The ancient Olympic Games grew and continued to be played every four years for nearly 1200 years. In 393 CE, the Roman emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, abolished the Games because of their pagan influences.
Approximately 1500 years later, a young Frenchmen named Pierre de Coubertin began their revival. Coubertin is now known as le Rénovateur. Coubertin was a French aristocrat born on January 1, 1863. He was only seven years old when France was overrun by the Germans during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Some believe that Coubertin attributed the defeat of France not to its military skills but rather to the French soldiers' lack of vigor.* After examining the education of the German, British, and American children, Coubertin decided that it was exercise, more specifically sports, that made a well-rounded and vigorous person.
Coubertin's attempt to get France interested in sports was not met with enthusiasm. Still, Coubertin persisted. In 1890, he organized and founded a sports organization, Union des Sociétés Francaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA). Two years later, Coubertin first pitched his idea to revive the Olympic Games. At a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris on November 25, 1892, Coubertin stated,

Let us export our oarsmen, our runners, our fencers into other lands. That is the true Free Trade of the future; and the day it is introduced into Europe the cause of Peace will have received a new and strong ally. It inspires me to touch upon another step I now propose and in it I shall ask that the help you have given me hitherto you will extend again, so that together we may attempt to realise [sic], upon a basis suitable to the conditions of our modern life, the splendid and beneficent task of reviving the Olympic Games.**

His speech did not inspire action. Though Coubertin was not the first to propose the revival of the Olympic Games, he was certainly the most well-connected and persistent of those to do so. Two years later, Coubertin organized a meeting with 79 delegates who represented nine countries. He gathered these delegates in an auditorium that was decorated by neoclassical murals and similar additional points of ambiance. At this meeting, Coubertin eloquently spoke of the revival of the Olympic Games. This time, Coubertin aroused interest.
The delegates at the conference voted unanimously for the Olympic Games. The delegates also decided to have Coubertin construct an international committee to organize the Games. This committee became the International Olympic Committee (IOC; Comité Internationale Olympique) and Demetrious Vikelas from Greece was selected to be its first president. Athens was chosen as the location for the revival of the Olympic Games and the planning was begun.

b)contests/events
-Summer Olympics
Archery
Athletics
Aquatics
Diving
Swimming
Synchronized Swimming
Water Polo
Badminton
Basketball
Boxing
Canoeing
Cycling
Equestrian
Fencing
Feild Hockey
Football
Gymnastics
Handball
Judo
Modern Pentathlon
Rowing
Sailing
Shooting
Table Tennis
Taekwondo
Tennis
Triathlon
Volleyball
Weightlifting
Wrestling
- Winter Olympics
Biathlon
Bobsleigh
Skeleton
Curling
Ice Hokey
Luge
Skating
Figure Skating
Speed Skating
Short Track Speed Skating
Skiing
Alpine Skiing
Croos-country Skiing
Freestyle Skiing
Nordic Combined
Ski Jumping
Snowboarding
c) Filipino Winners to the Beijing Olympics